# Why Time Feels Like It Speeds Up as You Age

Time feels like it accelerates as we grow older because the aging brain processes visual information and transitions between distinct "neural states" more slowly, taking in fewer mental snapshots per day. Simultaneously, a natural decline in dopamine reduces how often our brains mark novel event boundaries, causing routine memories to blend together into compressed blocks of retrospective time. Furthermore, each passing year represents a steadily shrinking mathematical fraction of our total lived experience, making recent years feel comparatively fleeting in hindsight.

## The Universal Illusion of Accelerating Time

To understand why time seems to sprint as we grow older, we must first separate the physical laws of the universe from the psychological experience of the human mind. The ticking of a clock is objective, but chronoception—our subjective perception of time passing—is an active construction of the brain [cite: 1]. The ancient Greeks famously recognized this distinction, using the word *chronos* to describe sequential, chronological time, and *kairos* to describe subjective, opportune time [cite: 1, 2].

Psychologists broadly divide human time perception into two distinct categories: prospective time and retrospective time [cite: 3]. Prospective time is how duration feels in the present moment. If you are waiting for a kettle to boil, holding a difficult physical pose, or sitting in a boring meeting, prospective time can seem to expand and drag on endlessly [cite: 4, 5]. Retrospective time, however, is how duration feels when looking back over days, months, or years [cite: 3]. 

The sensation that time is accelerating is almost exclusively a retrospective phenomenon. While a Wednesday afternoon at the office might feel agonizingly slow prospectively, the last ten years can feel as though they vanished in a blink retrospectively [cite: 3, 6, 7]. 

For decades, scientists debated whether this phenomenon was merely a cultural cliché or a legitimate cognitive shift. Today, extensive cross-sectional and longitudinal studies confirm that while people of all ages occasionally feel time is moving quickly due to temporary emotional states, the specific, enduring sensation that entire decades are compressing is a robust, age-related reality [cite: 3, 6, 8]. The explanations for this acceleration are multidimensional, spanning mathematical theory, the biomechanics of vision, modern neurobiology, and cross-cultural anthropology. 

## The Proportional Theory: The Mathematics of a Human Life

The oldest and perhaps most intuitive explanation for the subjective acceleration of time is known as the proportional theory, originally attributed to the 19th-century French philosopher Paul Janet [cite: 7, 9]. This framework posits that human beings subconsciously measure the duration of a specific time period against the total length of their lived experience [cite: 1, 9, 10]. 

Because human memory and conscious experience are cumulative, each new unit of time we live through represents a smaller and smaller fraction of our total life. To a five-year-old child, a single year represents an enormous 20 percent of their entire existence. That single year is packed with novel experiences, massive physiological growth, and entirely new cognitive milestones [cite: 1, 11, 12]. To a fifty-year-old, however, one year represents a mere 2 percent of their life [cite: 11, 12]. Because a year becomes an increasingly smaller fraction of our total lived experience, it feels proportionally shorter in our minds.

### Mathematical Models of Subjective Time

In 1975, researcher R. Lemlich attempted to mathematically formalize this concept. He proposed that the subjective duration of an interval of real time decreases in mathematical proportion to total subjective time, rather than just chronological time [cite: 13, 14]. This theory generated a differential equation demonstrating that the subjective duration of an interval of real time varies inversely with the square root of a person's total age [cite: 14, 15]. 

Under these proportional models, the subjective experience of aging follows a logarithmic curve rather than a linear one. Data illustrating the proportional theory demonstrates a continuous decay curve over time. The subjective experience of aging from ages 9 to 18 feels roughly equivalent to the passage of time from 18 to 36, which in turn feels roughly equivalent to the span from 36 to 72 [cite: 1, 10]. 

The table below illustrates how the subjective "weight" of a single year exponentially decays as a percentage of total lived experience over an 80-year lifespan, highlighting the steep drop-off during childhood and the long, flattening tail in adulthood:

| Chronological Age | 1 Year as a Percentage of Total Life | Subjective Impact |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **1 Year Old** | 100.00% | The entirety of conscious existence. |
| **5 Years Old** | 20.00% | Highly expansive; summers feel endless. |
| **10 Years Old** | 10.00% | Time is still perceived as moving slowly. |
| **20 Years Old** | 5.00% | The transition to adulthood; time begins to feel faster. |
| **36 Years Old** | 2.77% | Middle adulthood; routine sets in. |
| **50 Years Old** | 2.00% | A single year feels highly compressed retrospectively. |
| **72 Years Old** | 1.38% | Decades feel subjectively similar to single years in youth. |
| **80 Years Old** | 1.25% | The proportional value of a year approaches its mathematical minimum. |

### Criticisms of the Proportional Approach

While mathematically elegant, researchers and critics point out that the proportional theory is ultimately incomplete. It relies on a purely logical, retrospective calculation and largely ignores the complex roles of attention, human emotion, and sensory processing [cite: 4, 9]. 

Human memory is not a perfect mathematical ledger. We do not judge the length of a year simply by dividing it by our age; we judge it by the density of the memories it contains [cite: 4, 16]. For instance, the proportional theory cannot easily explain why time seems to slow down drastically during a terrifying car accident or speed up during a highly engaging task, regardless of the person's age [cite: 1, 16]. To truly understand the shifting sands of time perception, researchers have had to look past theoretical mathematics and directly inside the biophysics of the human body.

## The Physics of Processing Speed and Neural Pathways

Another compelling framework looks at time through the lens of biophysics and physiological degradation. In 2019, Adrian Bejan, a professor of mechanical engineering at Duke University, proposed that our changing perception of time is intrinsically tied to the physical evolution of our neural pathways and the mechanics of human vision [cite: 17, 18].

According to Bejan's hypothesis, built upon his broader "Constructal Law" of physics, the human mind tracks time by observing changes in perceived images. The present feels distinct from the past not because an internal clock is ticking, but because our mental "viewing" of the world has changed [cite: 19, 20]. Time, in this physical sense, represents perceived changes in stimuli [cite: 20].

### Saccades and the "Frames Per Second" of Youth

In youth, our biological networks are fresh, structurally compact, and rapidly firing. Children's eyes dart around constantly in rapid movements known as saccades. This high saccade frequency allows the young brain to acquire and integrate massive amounts of visual data per second [cite: 19, 20]. 

If we compare the brain to a camera, a young person's mind is essentially shooting high-definition video at 60 frames per second. Because there are so many distinct mental images being processed in a short period of actual clock time, the day feels incredibly dense and long [cite: 18, 21]. The days of childhood seemed to last forever simply because the young mind was bombarded with a higher density of visual information [cite: 18].

### Network Degradation and Signal Resistance

As the human body ages, tangled webs of nerves and neurons mature and grow in physical size. This biological growth inherently creates longer physical pathways for electrical signals to traverse from the sensory organs to the cortex [cite: 18, 20, 21]. 

Over the decades, these extended pathways also experience age-related degradation, increasing the physical resistance to the flow of electrical signals [cite: 18, 19]. Consequently, the older brain obtains and processes new mental images at a noticeably slower rate. Returning to the camera analogy, the older adult's mind might only be capturing 30 frames per second. 

Because older adults are viewing fewer new mental images in the exact same amount of physical clock time, it creates the profound illusion that time is passing more quickly [cite: 18, 19, 21]. The present feels shorter because the visual processing mechanism required to update the "present moment" has become sluggish [cite: 9, 21].

## Neural States and Event Segmentation

While the physics of eye movements provides one vital clue, modern neuroimaging has recently uncovered a much more profound shift in how the brain actually segments and stores lived experiences. 

We experience life as a continuous flow, much like a river, but our memories are not stored as an uninterrupted live stream. Instead, the brain groups continuous, flowing experiences into distinct, digestible chunks—a cognitive process known as "event segmentation" [cite: 22, 23]. We remember a dinner party not as a continuous three-hour video, but as a series of distinct events: arriving at the door, the toast, the main course, and saying goodbye. 

In a landmark 2025 study published in *Communications Biology*, a research team led by Selma Lugtmeijer at the University of Birmingham provided groundbreaking evidence of how this segmentation process changes with age [cite: 11, 22, 24]. The researchers utilized data from 577 participants spanning an age range of 18 to 88 years old, drawn from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) cohort [cite: 22, 23, 25]. 

They placed these individuals in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machines and recorded their brain activity while they watched an eight-minute suspenseful clip from the Alfred Hitchcock film *Bang! You're Dead* [cite: 11, 25]. Using naturalistic stimuli like a movie is advantageous because it mimics the continuous flow of daily life without imposing artificial cognitive tasks on the participants [cite: 24, 26].

### How the Brain Edits the Movie of Life

To analyze the fMRI data, the research team applied a machine learning pattern detector called a "Greedy State Boundary Search." This algorithm looks for "neural states"—stable, distinct patterns of brain activity that represent when the brain has decided a distinct moment or event is happening [cite: 11, 22, 23]. 

When the brain transitions from one neural state to another, it is essentially making a mental "cut" in the movie of life, signaling that something new has occurred [cite: 11, 25]. The study revealed a striking, age-related shift in these mental cuts. Younger brains flipped between neural states very frequently, making many rapid mental cuts throughout the eight-minute film. Older brains, however, lingered significantly longer in each neural state, resulting in fewer mental cuts over the exact same time period [cite: 11, 22, 24].

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### Age-Related Neural Dedifferentiation

The Birmingham researchers noted that this effect was particularly strong in the visual cortex and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), regions tightly linked to visual perception and affective memory processing [cite: 11, 22, 26]. 

The authors attributed this lingering to a broader biological phenomenon known as *neural dedifferentiation*. As human beings age, the activity of different regions and representations in the brain becomes less specific and less distinct [cite: 12, 26]. This spatial blurring in the brain translates directly into a temporal blurring of experience. Because the older brain processes successive, distinct stimuli with less differentiation, separate moments begin to bleed together [cite: 24, 26]. 

When we look back on a week, a month, or a year, our brain judges its subjective length by the sheer number of distinct memories or "events" we can retrieve. "This suggests that longer [and therefore fewer] neural states within the same period may contribute to older adults experiencing time as passing more quickly," the authors wrote [cite: 11, 12]. If your brain is making fewer mental cuts, your retrospective memory of a time period contains less data, making the entire duration feel radically compressed.

## Dopamine: The Brain's Chemical Timekeeper

If neural states and event segmentation dictate the *number* of events we record, what actually drives the brain to create an event boundary in the first place? In 2026, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) uncovered a crucial piece of the temporal puzzle: the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Historically dubbed the "feel-good" hormone by popular media, dopamine is widely recognized for its role in reward, pleasure, and motivation. However, the dopamine system in the brain is also exquisitely sensitive to novelty, surprise, and environmental change [cite: 27, 28].

### Event Boundaries and the "Dopamine Hit"

The UCLA team, led by doctoral student Erin Morrow and psychology professor David Clewett, published their findings in *Nature Communications*. They discovered that a deep-brain dopamine-producing hub called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) activates strongly when humans detect the start of a new, novel event [cite: 27, 29]. 

When volunteers in an MRI scanner experienced a strong VTA dopamine spike in response to a novel change in their environment, they later reported that *more time had passed* during that event. The dopamine burst essentially stretched their memory of the duration [cite: 27, 28]. The researchers also tracked eye movements and noted that increased blinking—a biological action thought to be a proxy for dopamine signaling—heavily correlated with expanded time memory [cite: 27]. 

As Professor Clewett explained, the brain inserts small "wedges" into an otherwise continuous stream of experience, helping neighboring events stand apart [cite: 27, 28]. Dopamine provides the chemical hammer that drives those wedges into our memory. 

### The Gradual Depletion of Dopamine

This dopamine mechanism perfectly overlaps with what we know about the aging process. As human beings age, our dopaminergic system naturally declines. In regions of the brain related to cognitive and motor function, dopamine levels drop by roughly 13 percent each decade after the age of 45 [cite: 30]. This is largely due to the increased activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), an enzyme that actively degrades neurotransmitters like dopamine [cite: 30]. 

This steady decline is not merely theoretical; it has been tracked in living human populations. The longitudinal Cognition, Brain, and Aging (COBRA) study, published in 2025, examined adults over a ten-year period and found a decline of approximately 5 percent per decade in striatal dopamine D2-receptor availability, which strongly correlated with general cognitive changes [cite: 31, 32]. 

When we are young, the world is highly novel. Everything is a "first," leading to frequent, robust dopamine spikes that insert countless wedges into our memory, dramatically expanding our subjective sense of time [cite: 27, 28, 33]. But as we age, two compounding factors occur. First, our baseline physiological ability to produce and utilize dopamine drops [cite: 30, 31]. Second, the world becomes vastly more predictable. We settle into steady careers, daily routines, and familiar relationships. 

Because there are fewer novel surprises to trigger a VTA dopamine spike, our brains set fewer event boundaries. Without these dopamine-driven wedges separating our experiences, routine days blend seamlessly into one another. We live through the time, but we fail to chemically mark it, leaving us with a compressed, accelerated memory of the year [cite: 28, 33].

## Memory Structures and Mental Time Travel

To understand how these compressed memories are retrieved, we must look at how the brain fundamentally organizes information. In 2026, researchers from the University of Nottingham and the University of Cambridge published a paradigm-shifting study in *Nature Human Behaviour* that challenged decades of memory research [cite: 34, 35].

Historically, neuroscientists divided memory into two strictly separate systems: episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory allows people to recall specific past experiences tied to a particular place and time—often described as "mental time travel." Semantic memory involves recalling abstract facts and general knowledge independent of context [cite: 34, 35]. 

However, by combining tightly controlled task-based experiments with fMRI data, the 2026 study revealed no measurable difference in brain activity between successful episodic and semantic memory retrieval. Instead of using separate neural pathways, the brain activates overlapping networks to recall both facts and personal experiences [cite: 34, 35]. 

This overlap is critical for time perception. Because "mental time travel" (episodic memory) relies on the same shared neural substrates as general knowledge (semantic memory), our ability to accurately judge how long ago an event occurred is intimately tied to our overall cognitive health [cite: 34, 36]. If these shared networks degrade, our timeline of life events becomes distorted. 

### The Role of Structural Brain Changes

This distortion is exacerbated by physical brain shrinkage. A massive 2026 international mega-analysis, pooling over 10,000 MRI scans and 13,000 memory tests from 3,700 cognitively healthy adults, revealed that memory decline with age is tied to widespread, nonlinear brain shrinkage [cite: 37, 38]. 

The study, published in *Nature Communications*, found that while the hippocampus plays a highly sensitive role in memory, cognitive decline reflects a broad biological vulnerability across multiple brain regions [cite: 37, 38]. Crucially, the researchers found an "accelerating effect"—once brain shrinkage passes a certain threshold, its impact on memory and temporal cognition increases rapidly rather than at a steady pace [cite: 38]. This accelerating structural change further compromises our ability to cleanly segment and recall the duration of our past experiences [cite: 38, 39].

## Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Time and Aging

While the biological mechanisms of brain shrinkage, dopamine depletion, and neural dedifferentiation are universally human, the way we structure our days is heavily influenced by society. This raises an important question: does time speed up for everyone globally, or is this acceleration a byproduct of the modern, fast-paced Western world?

Anthropologists and sociologists broadly categorize cultures into two distinct temporal orientations: *monochronic* and *polychronic* [cite: 40, 41, 42]. 

| Temporal Framework | Characteristics & Philosophy | Cultural Examples | Impact on Aging & Memory |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Monochronic (Clock Time)** | Time is viewed as linear, divisible, and scarce. The focus is heavily on punctuality, rigid scheduling, and doing one thing at a time. | North America, Northern Europe. | Daily routine is highly standardized by external clocks. This rigid structure can heighten the conflict between objective clock time and the subjective sensation of time slipping away [cite: 2, 41, 42]. |
| **Polychronic (Event Time)** | Time is viewed as cyclical, fluid, and abundant. The focus is on relationships, multitasking, and letting events dictate schedules rather than clocks. | Latin America, Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa. | Daily life is driven by social interaction and community. Aging is often integrated into a continuous cycle, reducing the anxiety of a "linear" ticking clock [cite: 2, 41, 42, 43]. |

The way different cultures segment time can be remarkably precise. For example, research indicates that Americans generally assess punctuality and segment time in tight five-minute intervals, whereas some Arab cultures assess time in broader 15-minute intervals [cite: 41]. 

Despite these profound differences in how societies package hours and minutes, global studies suggest that the *subjective acceleration of time* is a cross-cultural universal. When researchers survey adults across diverse nations, the sensation that the last ten years passed quickly is reported consistently, regardless of whether the culture operates on linear or cyclical time [cite: 6, 8]. 

### Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST)

However, what *does* change across cultures is the emotional valence attached to this acceleration. The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST), developed by psychologist Laura Carstensen, provides a framework for understanding this. SST posits that as human beings age and become aware that their future time horizons are shrinking, they fundamentally shift their motivational priorities. Instead of seeking out novel, knowledge-gathering goals, older adults prioritize emotionally meaningful and socially fulfilling goals [cite: 44, 45, 46].

In Western, individualistic cultures that highly prize youth, rapid productivity, and economic efficiency, the realization that time is accelerating can trigger deep anxiety and negative biases toward aging [cite: 42, 47, 48]. The Protestant work ethic, which roots human value in continuous labor, often leaves Western older adults feeling marginalized as they age [cite: 47]. 

Conversely, in collectivistic cultures (such as many in East Asia and Latin America) with stronger traditions of filial piety, intergenerational living, and respect for elder wisdom, older adults often report higher life satisfaction and less distress regarding the passage of time [cite: 43, 47, 49, 50]. 

### Global Studies on Subjective Aging

To understand these nuances, the Subjective Aging within Global Everyday ecological Studies (Subjective AGES) consortium recently collected parallel daily diary data from older adults in the United States, Turkey, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Israel [cite: 50]. 

The research revealed that the subjective acceleration of time is intimately tied to daily activities. Across adulthood, time is perceived to pass much faster during productive and personally meaningful activities compared to regenerative or passive activities [cite: 46, 51]. When older adults globally engage in fulfilling tasks, time flies. In this sense, the acceleration of time is not a pathology to be feared, but a natural cognitive adaptation to prioritizing what matters most in the limited time we have remaining [cite: 46].

## Can We Slow Down Time? Evidence-Based Interventions

If the acceleration of time is driven by a lack of novelty, dopamine depletion, and neural dedifferentiation, is it possible to hit the cognitive brakes? Cognitive science suggests we can, primarily by intentionally disrupting our routines, seeking new experiences, and actively training our attention.

### The Power of Novelty and "Firsts"

"Time flies when you're having fun" is an incomplete adage; more accurately, prospective time flies when you are unengaged or operating on autopilot, but retrospective time expands in memory when you encounter something entirely new [cite: 9, 52]. 

When you travel to an unfamiliar country, learn a complex new physical skill, or even radically alter your daily route to work, you force your brain off of its highly efficient, energy-saving autopilot. According to Dr. Darya Frank, a researcher at The University of Manchester, experiencing novelty engages a brain state tuned specifically toward processing high volumes of sensory input [cite: 5]. 

Novelty demands increased visual and auditory processing. More importantly, it triggers the exact dopamine spikes in the ventral tegmental area that UCLA researchers identified as the "wedges" separating event memories [cite: 28]. By consciously injecting fresh, distinct experiences into adulthood, you force the aging brain to generate more distinct neural states. When you look back on a year filled with novel events, your brain has a rich, dense dataset of mental cuts to review, successfully creating the retrospective feeling of a long, expansive year [cite: 5, 12, 33].

### Mindfulness and Attentional Control

If you cannot constantly travel the globe or seek radical novelty every day, you can alter how your brain processes the mundane. A rapidly growing body of clinical research points to mindfulness meditation as a powerful, accessible tool for stretching subjective time perception [cite: 53, 54, 55, 56].

In a 2025 study from the University of Southern California (USC), researchers used highly precise eye-tracking technology to measure the attentional control of young, middle-aged, and older adults. They found that just 30 days of daily, guided mindfulness practice significantly improved reaction speed, goal-directed focus, and resistance to visual distraction across *all* age groups [cite: 57, 58]. 

Similarly, earlier psychological trials utilizing temporal bisection tasks have demonstrated that brief meditation exercises cause participants to consistently overestimate durations—effectively making short periods of time feel significantly longer [cite: 53, 59]. 

By anchoring attention strictly to the present moment, mindfulness counteracts the habitual "chunking" of routine events. It forces the brain's locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system—a network critical for regulating arousal and attention—to notice the granular details of the present, expanding the density of information processed per second [cite: 57]. 

Furthermore, neuroplasticity does not vanish at retirement age. A massive 2026 longitudinal study of nearly 4,000 adults by the Center for BrainHealth proved there is no ceiling for cognitive improvement. Participants who engaged in just 5 to 15 minutes of daily brain-healthy micro-habits—regardless of whether they were 19 or 94 years old—showed measurable gains in mental clarity and cognitive resilience over a three-year period [cite: 60, 61]. By actively managing brain health and deliberately seeking present-moment awareness, we can effectively tune our internal pacemakers.

## Bottom line

The sensation that time speeds up as we age is not just a psychological trick; it is the result of cascading biological and neurological shifts. As our neural pathways mature and degrade, our brains process fewer sensory "frames" per second, while a natural decline in dopamine leads to fewer mental event boundaries being stamped into our memory. Combined with the inescapable mathematical reality that each passing year represents a smaller fraction of our life, our routine adult years easily blur into a compressed memory. However, by continually seeking novel experiences and practicing mindful attention, we can actively stretch our perception of time, ensuring our later years feel just as rich and expansive as our first.

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36. [frontiersin.org](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGC92UOvxnEeEKST88xvtOVsY5L3Z-Eos-oJuufZ0rMNSIptGUsb3gKMagq9UgG3kWv5inzQAitN1FeJUVzNZ6fjTkAdS0Thz4YXTfsyOU2x3D_6WST8HfeMNre-4nFtAoB44WtkDIPMHOWuC9IHKjxnJK_JyIc1ONTPVyENwqtLZca3OHUa9aB3cE44r4=)
37. [news-medical.net](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQF-Z_c7o9BL4bGGhN9mzTFlRprb_xt6ISAtT8zfG_JUVEcmDVzzS1srY1f_5kbjDpyFkW7te-mMrj_rpSCdwfAJD2Mp3aGb2pmq1PAjuCx0gwtXqVjRntOIYJGsBcQpe8ATVNbMUVXgg1SS1PtfRrVeW7I6lICj92aIl8_HGWP1PmnoFfUW3tgIRo4iZxcho7aHcJvWuKXYvoCcf307vYMCngSIXC6tWyzCZByLKLDk-o2p_Rxmto7R6vJCXGL21ic=)
38. [sciencedaily.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE9PDqMKlaXXBLEV8URvCjmEHMH6xUJEk7daBMmVfFyqS69yah-ICQf_yq1H1P98GDEFH03y77pbM97S_fyJ44tsVg7evAqArtZ1jjwikrSV0FuR3p8v3iLH6p_LGJbJ98khg_IA7RKAFIuOPJYz8RSTjk19A==)
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43. [ufl.edu](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHxmj96hYEYpNFH1k0a70jeuDdaqWC0UiXwbeexpPnga9Pw296dcL_3OMjPCSBhmVp1y2Gatv4pHzs2HpnKWkain09zxVGeBseM7nsVIzxWTFZP_DFLI8rdJ9_Umcv_-Yfq7hYIr36Cs7NvoUGJ01ue3Ipm1HIyCTFKkicYFPRHhXj8ybGbZX7hLgPA5e1KlN7x-Nlb-p-sPke729Nl8A1YvCFpjrQVRUjy1Izc41vznL81AtqFw3ic77zbfjvRoBhZCQ==)
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45. [nih.gov](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGjTx1TuAc-bYPNUgPaG_MV9dolARbSKcZwT5eXJDhLBMsQ_X0_qAS1Md2LHvJTkQyuyX4AqiaqGZmVyDMjTyLc46uvK0vFIuNypBq-hX_KENBkBUd63IEGsjbbho99BjFd0_s-7JT8)
46. [nih.gov](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHg0M86XSrkR2StBA8Mt-N7FhGIA7K-dBt_KObngCqSsD0WsECLcS8bGduGkr7Z5kFJHln1Zj1kpwcxRcmXwUWa23B3unRKOuGvtA9-HlsqPH01OY9ungVtMRBw8Y54_A==)
47. [psychologytoday.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQESmffRIYh0o8xJH8RlWrmFtrxIPQbK2HGy81PK3tfJUFPrWy_KDFfpF-gc4D6CbqS8UPb-uGnEcCORpfCEFofhVd9nOrCIHA0VsAOwTCC9UHJjXwlJrq_-V36eeIpkp7SkyHTXvNf0P3Geokqe5oc_8kKqjtR0UDQAH8MFj8IyjARYrM0elxLeafvmGtek_fGzn6k6lssRxjguhKpGhUrCWWpclw3eAA==)
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59. [neurosciencenews.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFzFHiCcANgDeSMNJklw1V3vWjA3MjgBO3yJHimyMvih-K_BkTrrOE3AN9aZRYgg4hbTHdiw2jxKJIL2Y8Y4S2MITiUKXzs7eHiiQMBvq7_e4NXyLFr_Qtfs1NqN6bgjtsZGzTHTvKmhexP1RmSJtZiNEENWhsIijGZHhxtLg==)
60. [eurekalert.org](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEQsXs1Yfo2BTpvEK-WmHgisqiqfzLNNWKxGY7ni6uDxYOpZhchgSMofnaLBaeZ57IhkTmFMV9g_9pVdVO-D2G27Kq0q5xlobO0qe1MhcG9nHI9SFTBHiMauPovp-P3nn6rjoL-62k=)
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