# Why Are Computer Science Admissions So Competitive

Computer science has evolved from a niche academic pursuit into the most fiercely contested college major in North America, with acceptance rates at premier public universities plunging into the low single digits. The hyper-competitiveness is driven by a massive, 15-year surge in student demand that collided with an acute shortage of faculty, forcing institutions to cap enrollment and close transfer loopholes. However, national enrollment data from late 2025 reveals an unexpected plot twist: traditional computer science enrollment is now actively declining as students pivot toward specialized fields like data science and artificial intelligence.

## The Single-Digit Reality at Top Public Universities

Since the Great Recession left the technology sector as a rare bright spot in the global economy, computer science has experienced an unprecedented era of growth. Between 2008 and 2024, the number of four-year computer science degrees granted in the United States rose roughly fivefold [cite: 1]. This was more than double the pace of the next fastest-growing large majors, fundamentally breaking the standard admissions models at flagship state universities. 

Today, a university’s overall acceptance rate is a highly misleading indicator of a student's chances of getting into its computing program. The demand has created a severe "major penalty," where applicants to the computer science department face an entirely different tier of selectivity compared to their peers applying to the humanities or social sciences.

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At the University of California, Berkeley, the overall acceptance rate for the Class of 2029 hovered around 11.4%, with over 126,000 students applying for roughly 14,400 spots [cite: 2, 3, 4]. However, applicants aiming for computer science faced a significantly steeper climb. The Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) program, housed within Berkeley's College of Engineering, admitted fewer than 5% of applicants, placing it in the same statistical realm as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Carnegie Mellon University [cite: 3, 5]. Meanwhile, the Computer Science major—recently moved to the new College of Data Science, Computing, and Society (CDSS)—saw its acceptance rate plummet to approximately 1.9% for recent incoming classes, with only about 150 direct-admit spots available [cite: 5, 6]. 

The geographic divide and state residency mandates also play a massive role in shaping these single-digit admit rates. Public universities are heavily incentivized, and often legally required, to prioritize in-state taxpayers. The University of Washington in Seattle operates with an overall acceptance rate nearing 46%, yet its Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering is functionally closed off to non-residents [cite: 7, 8]. For the Fall 2025 cycle, Washington residents applying Direct to Major (DTM) enjoyed a 37% acceptance rate. Conversely, out-of-state domestic applicants faced a 5% admit rate, and international students faced a brutal 2% acceptance rate, with 1,413 international applicants competing for just 30 spots [cite: 7, 8]. 

The University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) faces similar pressures. While UMD's overall acceptance rate sits around 44.8%, its computer science department was recently forced to transition into a Limited Enrollment Program (LEP) [cite: 9, 10, 11]. To manage capacity, UMD capped the incoming freshmen computer science cohort at exactly 600 enrolled students. Factoring in yield rates, the acceptance rate for the major is estimated to be roughly 19% to 22%, significantly lower than the university average [cite: 10, 12, 13]. Out-of-state applicants bear the brunt of this selectivity, as state legislation requires high in-state enrollment targets, sparking debates among applicants about the fairness of prioritizing in-state students over higher-achieving out-of-state candidates [cite: 3, 14].



The phenomenon is not restricted to the United States. In Canada, the University of Waterloo has cemented its reputation as a global tech pipeline, with its graduates frequently recruited by Alphabet, Meta, and Amazon [cite: 15]. Waterloo’s overall university acceptance rate is approximately 53%, but its computer science program is arguably the most competitive in the country. For recent classes, Waterloo received over 8,100 applications for just 345 computer science seats. The acceptance rate for domestic Canadian students hovered around 4%, while international students faced an estimated admit rate of just 1% [cite: 16, 17]. Admissions experts note that Canadian university applicant pools are largely self-selecting; because admissions rely heavily on objective grades and math contest scores rather than holistic essays, unqualified students rarely bother applying, making the 4% figure even more intimidating than it appears [cite: 16].

| University | Overall Admit Rate | CS-Specific Admit Rate | Applicant Nuances |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **UC Berkeley** | ~11.4% | ~1.9% (CDSS) / <5% (EECS) | Test-blind admissions; significant out-of-state penalty [cite: 3, 4, 5]. |
| **UW Seattle** | ~46.0% | 37% (In-state) / 5% (Out-of-state) | International CS admit rate falls to 2% [cite: 7, 8]. |
| **UIUC** | ~36.6% | 7.4% (Pure CS) | CS+X interdisciplinary programs offer a 17.4% admit rate [cite: 18, 19]. |
| **UMD College Park** | ~44.8% | ~19-22% (Estimated) | Major capped at 600 incoming freshmen via LEP rules [cite: 10, 13]. |
| **Univ. of Waterloo** | ~53.0% | ~4% (Domestic) / ~1% (Int'l) | Heavily reliant on math contests (Euclid) and high 90s GPA [cite: 15, 16]. |

## Closing the Backdoors: The Death of the "Undeclared" Transfer

Historically, savvy high school students who knew they lacked the perfect transcripts required to clear the incredibly high bar for direct computer science admission utilized a well-known loophole. They would apply to a highly selective university as an "undeclared" major, or under a less competitive humanities discipline, to bypass the brutal engineering admissions gauntlet. Once safely on campus, they would take the prerequisite lower-level coding classes, maintain a minimum GPA, and declare the computer science major in their sophomore year [cite: 5, 20].

By the early 2020s, the sheer volume of these "interest changers" and backdoor transfers broke the system entirely. Introductory computer science lectures ballooned to over a thousand students per hall. Universities found themselves unable to provide enough teaching assistants, lab space, or grading resources to accommodate the thousands of undeclared students attempting to brute-force their way into the major [cite: 20, 21]. In response, administrative departments nationwide have aggressively slammed these backdoors shut, fundamentally altering the college application strategy.

At UC Berkeley, prior to the Class of 2027, students who applied to the College of Letters & Science (L&S) came in undeclared. To declare computer science, they simply had to earn a 3.3 GPA in three core lower-division courses (CS61A, CS61B, and CS70) [cite: 5, 22]. Today, students must apply directly to the computer science major via the new College of Data Science, Computing, and Society. If they are admitted to the university but not directly to the CDSS, the university explicitly warns that the chances of switching into CS later are "close to zero." Switching now requires a comprehensive, holistic evaluation that students describe as a grueling secondary college application process [cite: 5, 6].

The University of Maryland took similarly drastic measures. To control the massive influx of students, UMD's transition to a Limited Enrollment Program (LEP) fundamentally choked off the transfer pipeline. Prior to 2024, the department regularly accepted up to 1,000 internal and external transfers per year into the major [cite: 10]. Under the new policy, the number of internal and transfer admissions has been slashed to a mere 100 slots per year [cite: 10, 23]. 

The University of Washington operates under a similar constraint. The Allen School explicitly warns applicants who are admitted to UW but not directly to the computer science major that they will be placed in a "pre-major" or "pre-sciences" track. The university strongly advises these students to attend a different institution if they are absolutely certain they want to study computer science, as the internal transfer pathway is notoriously unforgiving and heavily oversubscribed [cite: 7, 20]. The message from admissions departments nationwide is uniform: if a student's heart is set on computer science, they must earn a direct-admit slot as a high school senior, or be fully prepared to study an alternative discipline.

## Anatomy of a Successful Applicant

With acceptance rates hovering in the single digits, the academic profile of a successful computer science applicant has reached an astonishing level of perfection. An unweighted 4.0 GPA is no longer a guarantee of admission; it is merely the baseline required to have an application read. 

At UC Berkeley, where standardized testing (SAT/ACT) has been entirely eliminated in favor of a "test-blind" policy, the pressure on a student's grade point average and course rigor is immense. The middle 50% weighted, capped GPA for admitted students at Berkeley ranges from 4.12 to 4.29 on the UC scale, with an unweighted average of 3.90 [cite: 24, 25]. Nearly 96% of admitted students finished in the top quarter of their high school class, with virtually all successful applicants maximizing their school's AP, IB, or dual-enrollment offerings, specifically in advanced mathematics and laboratory sciences [cite: 24, 25]. 

Without standardized test scores, Berkeley's admissions officers lean heavily on Personal Insight Questions (PIQs) and extracurricular impact. Successful applicants often demonstrate "intellectual spark" through independent research, open-source coding contributions, or leadership in technology clubs [cite: 25]. Demonstrating a commitment to the community, such as building an app that solves a local civic issue, is often the deciding factor that separates thousands of applicants with identical 4.0 GPAs [cite: 25].

At the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), which continues to accept standardized testing, the academic profile is equally daunting. Of the students who enrolled in UIUC's 2024-25 freshman class, 56% were in the top decile of their high school class, and 85% were in the top quartile [cite: 26, 27]. Admitted engineering and computer science students generally possess standardized test scores well above the 90th percentile nationally, with average SAT scores around 1420 to 1510 [cite: 13, 28]. 

The University of Waterloo takes a slightly different, more quantitative approach. Because Canadian universities rely less on holistic essays, Waterloo filters its massive applicant pool through its own proprietary mathematics and coding competitions, such as the Euclid Mathematics Contest and the Canadian Computing Competition (CCC). Strong performance in these Waterloo-run contests is virtually mandatory for applicants seeking to stand out, alongside a high school average sitting comfortably above 95% in core STEM subjects [cite: 15, 29]. 

| Institution | Key Academic Metrics for Admitted Students | Distinctive Application Factors |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **UC Berkeley** | Unweighted Avg 3.90; Weighted 4.12 - 4.29 [cite: 24, 25]. | Test-blind. Heavy emphasis on PIQ essays and community impact [cite: 25]. |
| **UIUC** | 56% in top 10% of high school class [cite: 26, 27]. | Extremely high standardized test scores; rigorous AP math/science focus [cite: 26, 27]. |
| **Univ. of Waterloo** | Mid-to-high 90s average in core subjects [cite: 15, 29]. | Mandatory participation in Euclid/CCC math and coding contests [cite: 15]. |
| **UMD College Park** | SAT middle 50%: 1370-1520 [cite: 9, 12]. | Holistic review; extracurriculars and geographic residency play a major role [cite: 11, 12]. |

Demographics also play a notable, albeit complex, role in shaping the incoming classes. Selective universities are increasingly focused on gender parity within their engineering departments. At UC Berkeley, this has resulted in a notable gender gap in admissions rates. According to the 2024-2025 Common Data Set, men who applied to Berkeley faced an 8.8% overall acceptance rate, while women experienced a 12.9% acceptance rate [cite: 24]. This dynamic reflects broader institutional efforts across North America to correct historical gender imbalances in STEM fields and recruit more women into computer science and electrical engineering [cite: 24, 30].

## The Faculty Bottleneck: Academia vs. Silicon Valley

A common question from frustrated parents and high school counselors is simple: *If student demand for computer science is so overwhelming, why don't universities just hire more professors, build more lecture halls, and open more seats?*

The answer lies in a massive, structural failure in the academic labor market. Universities are physically and financially unable to expand their computing departments because they cannot afford to recruit or retain the PhD-level faculty required to teach the surging student body [cite: 30]. The private technology sector, fueled by billions of dollars in venture capital and the recent boom in artificial intelligence, has priced academia out of the talent market.

According to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), computer and information sciences is the only scientific discipline where doctorate recipients expect to earn nearly double in the industry what they would make in an academic or postdoctoral position [cite: 31]. In 2024, the median expected starting salary for a computer science PhD heading into the private sector was $180,000. In stark contrast, the median expected salary for a postdoctoral academic role was just $70,000 [cite: 31].

At the higher end of the spectrum, the disparity becomes even more extreme. Researchers specializing in generative AI, large language models (LLMs), and machine learning are the most sought-after professionals on the planet. Applied scientists and machine learning engineers at leading technology firms—such as Google DeepMind, OpenAI, and Meta—regularly command base salaries exceeding $160,000 [cite: 32, 33]. When factoring in equity grants, target bonuses, and signing bonuses, total compensation packages routinely exceed $300,000, with 90th percentile earners breaking the $500,000 mark [cite: 33, 34]. 

Even a highly prestigious tenured professorship at a top-tier research university cannot match the financial incentives or the massive computational resources offered by big tech companies. Consequently, newly minted PhDs are abandoning the tenure track in droves. 

This brain drain has immediate, devastating consequences for undergraduate admissions. Without enough professors to teach core algorithms, data structures, and machine learning courses, universities are forced to strictly cap enrollment to maintain accreditation standards and educational quality. A late 2025 Pulse Survey conducted by the Computing Research Association’s Center for Evaluating the Research Pipeline (CERP) captured the severity of this crisis. The survey revealed a staggering 27% contraction in the total number of full-time faculty positions expected to be filled in the 2025-26 academic year compared to the prior year [cite: 35, 36]. 

Half of all responding computing departments reported having fewer open faculty positions than they did previously [cite: 35, 36]. Federal research funding uncertainty further exacerbated the issue, with 23% of surveyed institutions admitting they had implemented a full or partial hiring freeze for computing faculty in early 2025 [cite: 37]. With the pipeline of new educators constricting, universities have no mechanism to increase undergraduate capacity, ensuring that acceptance rates remain frozen in the single digits.

## The 2025 Plot Twist: Has Traditional Computer Science Peaked?

Just as public perception solidified around the narrative that computer science was the most unattainable degree in higher education, the underlying macroeconomic data began to shift dramatically. In late 2025, higher education researchers noticed an anomaly in the data: the unstoppable growth of the computer science major had suddenly stalled, and then reversed.

According to the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center's Final Fall Enrollment Trends report, overall postsecondary enrollment in the United States grew by 1.0% in fall 2025 [cite: 38, 39]. However, undergraduate enrollment in traditional Computer and Information Science programs actually *declined* by 8.1% at four-year institutions, shedding tens of thousands of students [cite: 38]. At the graduate level, the drop was even steeper, plunging by 14.0% [cite: 38, 39]. 

In a single academic year, computer science slipped from the fourth-largest undergraduate major in the country down to the sixth, falling behind business, health, and the liberal arts [cite: 1]. The Computing Research Association confirmed this trend, noting that nearly two-thirds of computing departments saw enrollment drops in the 2025-26 academic year, while only 13% reported growth [cite: 40]. 

This sudden reversal of a 15-year growth trend is largely attributed to the rapid advancement and mainstream adoption of Artificial Intelligence. As generative AI tools demonstrate an increasing, startling ability to automate entry-level coding, debugging, and software engineering tasks, student sentiment has cooled significantly. The prospect of spending four years enduring grueling mathematical theory only to graduate into an industry where entry-level junior developer roles are being outsourced to algorithmic copilots has sparked widespread anxiety.

A 2026 survey of graduating college students by Handshake quantified this fear, finding that 64% of pessimistic computer science majors explicitly cited generative AI as a primary factor in their negative career outlook [cite: 40]. Prospective students and their parents are acutely aware of recent, high-profile tech layoffs and are seriously questioning whether traditional software engineering remains the bulletproof path to upper-middle-class stability it was a decade ago [cite: 1]. 

## The Rise of Interdisciplinary Tech and "CS+X"

The 8.1% drop in traditional computer science enrollment does not imply that students are abandoning the technology sector. Instead, the data reveals a sophisticated shift toward applied, specialized, and interdisciplinary fields that are perceived to be more resilient against AI automation.

The same 2025 Clearinghouse report that documented the decline in traditional computer science also reported explosive growth in adjacent fields. Data Science and Data Analytics programs are surging, enrolling nearly 80,000 students nationwide across both undergraduate and graduate levels [cite: 38]. Students are increasingly recognizing that while AI can write code, human experts are still required to interpret complex datasets, build the actual machine learning models, and ensure data privacy and security. Consequently, cybersecurity and applied data programs are absorbing much of the overflow from traditional computing [cite: 35, 40].

Interestingly, hardware engineering is experiencing a massive renaissance. The 8% decline in computer science enrollment was closely mirrored by a 7.3% rise in engineering majors. Mechanical and electrical engineering saw significant growth, increasing by 11% and 14%, respectively [cite: 1]. As the world pushes toward electrification, robotics, and the physical infrastructure required to house massive AI data centers, students are betting that physical engineering will remain immune to software automation.

To adapt to this shifting demand—and to cleverly alleviate the crushing pressure on pure computer science departments—universities are actively pioneering interdisciplinary degree models. The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) has been highly successful with its innovative "CS + X" program. This model blends a rigorous computer science core curriculum with a secondary academic discipline, allowing students to major in combinations like Computer Science + Crop Sciences, CS + Anthropology, CS + Music, or CS + Economics [cite: 19]. 

From an admissions strategy standpoint, these blended degrees are the most attractive option on the board for prospective applicants. While UIUC's pure Computer Science engineering program admits an ultra-selective 7.4% of applicants, the interdisciplinary CS+X programs accept roughly 17.4% of applicants [cite: 18, 19]. This pathway offers students the prestige, networking, and technical rigor of a top-tier computer science education, but dramatically improves their statistical odds of admission. For the universities, it provides a vital release valve, allowing them to distribute the immense teaching load of computer science students across the faculty of the humanities and agricultural departments [cite: 19].

## Bottom line

The hyper-competitiveness of computer science admissions is the result of a simple, unavoidable math problem: a 15-year surge in student demand collided with a severe shortage of available faculty, forcing universities to strictly cap seats and permanently close backdoor transfer loopholes. However, the academic landscape is rapidly evolving in real time. Driven by anxieties over AI automation and a contracting tech labor market, national enrollment in traditional computer science degrees actually declined in 2025. For prospective students and their families, the clearest takeaway is that a pure, traditional computer science degree is no longer the only—or necessarily the best—route into the technology sector, as universities actively reward applicants who target data science, hardware engineering, and interdisciplinary "CS+X" programs.

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8. [washington.edu](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGYYoy_Q-PjlGVyX64X-gu-heUxUjjD6P-AGqWWuanZ8Xfp8tuD5h5CyN8HVDnEknizcEIN8JJzuVMV4neT8F3wBds1vhZ5GmbKXu_uNh3JubEfLi5239ScMnS1mU-g4MuB8xFVy_0EabLkIfNsnvJmcfpM)
9. [academicjobs.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEsK2KTjSGNg7S7-wTG6tXLzlpzulBBanUeESwZ2iQL8FastYXnpEi9zvB2hNhOI93yFpgXv2oA9BKH9ueNVP1Z7pj_3cWc4lhI_ZhHmfPF1WtOLRWZ__YPjhkZjORulpd4IJvNY1mxbXpOvWr4s3U5tTLHlep56A1UVigK0SdsoEoOsmOCE0GwSwLiVPzNBQ==)
10. [dcurbanmom.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQF0HSJjX80XcStNpuNkfyCVSbBYdh6sGI4Sk-hAop7k3U9bTdy6_dm2Un7o3RotuJS6l_29_BXZp9qWZ5pgHeaXNnbOLGn16nwT7A1HOSVuRN1dJfCrmeqqS6gdeP1bxEYm3HfKmdcf7UxmJzrFO4o=)
11. [nextgenadmit.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGXEwlBk-UyxAmHaChnpvYHdQEuNsNWAjTQtNrSODtrvt_rvMacekHFVMlPeN0w4kvqiSwKVNoGofZDT_CrqK5eKFDeBAD1lFOA4WKzdD4z0ICzIqo_0mJJpp9tz5HWVxlb7yQ469SUxMOjwMasuol7ZJgToEIPax7aQ_8=)
12. [peipaolab.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG6IXNiirWxK3sPLLMQwNOkjYvKKOS_3hQL9jz1MBlN3-Bp1sx2DwD-tYN63uGlWkvKs95OeR_uc3aVGNeBCcNFsyUjdh18lii4BsLIa66b17rgTg0YposX99fUNPY=)
13. [reddit.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHyps0BiRR-wr-LfwLNuHpN2oMu3_Z3yneFhMyA-uPFFssMJQujzHyy1A5InwUmeTK0ixhA9CejrWf_QWsXEiXZfT3bN_xctV1ktbk_U_Xv35Fs4LffR0WiPMF8S06v9zMx3K6xkHHSQiLKgxyZ1ulSs3senTlGQya03QQIv7INr1ZPY8s=)
14. [reddit.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGVf0RzVYRN4b64xr6E4nyT0qJ1-U9WjjjY_a3pBU2s5fkxC9Avq852sIO9qkbhR5L3FHE8AwcqPrms3G4hvCYOpm_lhleZ0nu-H1Lj3PTP4SmmeUTeZBowWBW20H_MNLdYmlCVneChi1z1gHn4T2Hhi0V7EhxC00bM1GR_5xQ3bt9J7tlulL55hkYg_vV7)
15. [liwinco.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEeC1JQtEveREsKhabYzFRZX-yNlfDW4R4Y2nUXnVzSVrM0iWu_HR3aOw4Tr56Kty_KqRKulfciprqKZPruOhl7LrPrivVAe9NGaRJ82DqpCmr1wN7187SuxvnY9X42qYFoUwAK-rtoGCj6c76tj0soSUCjtMRFGaWQPWkgkAT1QuWlZGqvJGYfhTgYcP0_)
16. [collegeconfidential.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGuYEPpTfun9OMB5SFyahP6rJHFRX5omppFUKMiJpqsOkLNV1Bb7Cmp6J5iWE5c6H7KwChX61wSZAiFxwFqW84KGUJ4bR8YbrQ-DpDGZoWaYpr7p2Km1Yq3xh97rZ2Sh3bQTm1aeACrvvvIt7rs1Xdk)
17. [unischolars.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE-OGzPMp3NCEqCm7zm9LJv46pS_pul-Oa9flqJDdKl0maYxS6diRCI7RDMSKenrfNJyxfeVZ0qfzKRkqekJkFli1JDBTgGyjl0_jYAVY-9_-eqHzCgP19wccaYAxyracSVmhvhXEZ4mC23a9x7P5lMY9jYdbfUVRQoSg==)
18. [illinois.edu](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFciLtZ0whsHi5izAKiSQldDmgJWvnyXqziDJ-zb-MSoJv11JV7ybKKM3t1Dijwrg64H0Wk7kSXrSEAppcXuHr4q9pas5yXsR-TMhnDuG3MrVgMDfx-EP97engblsPW-EP08Nw0THcpbkXAEc2sN5I69XfP)
19. [pathivy.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHnpc0Xet3VuDFCsUHnPgKNvPB2LTJxCXfsiWWGUiRTAoz2AbgQpfDuVcOeMHca8oVsaNr-oUZjCoUwAbXGHmcBFMlltc1SYtYplqLEe409Bkk0DDXoBTJPo67PC8DhDltGsk9k9tOVSK2NKhI6CbDT96b9GvlELuwzYEWPC0iE8q1q)
20. [washington.edu](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFYwQSUIgLT3YZDkQ5D78R9tEaQhPbdWijIsERmNnJ8b59MpX53shwIBjgEPy_eJe7keTDGuGuFXsQeg0xQc_YJJc5txK9WEOvJPbjCvHw0OrnN_rkOjVC1gZUpfFGVfX8jm9xh7LjIzM8bl96_RSXzl3VjkAimKs6dgba5_FlXHWy7)
21. [reddit.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHaFkyX_ob_FLuHuuAcaFRB-x2daYXdUA3HaSWbZjti6WCvcpw-5EgvMkw328YzyotX4hXLWEMTFmiyz-Y1lHli6wyG4LAXK4i6h-g2Mly4MiBgEk3JzOVS9lxKble0pvKTQtaRHg773u-31947E0ErlopPqcvjxf3IpVWCTlo1S3BSJs9NvRFFTcBBESsTO41Oj_csH0HKxrU=)
22. [youtube.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGyH9nwLVIGgghk6MNxNx82zHYdXUHDfNi81F6ee2CXROrt1efQsQ0lUzUE7n7BPTeG9tPdfRdB1GitIXXgHprZ-tc94KcdgkTXndZIrUr15w99uL7PuEf_2rUjAY4yFvkX)
23. [pathivy.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHJV-o-Sd8VJ109tUScxWooG9Y7g1G-cFzTWDaYyd_XdMwg8a7Y4q0zMC8ejuxM_Zs6-zaomlKJGBUM83wIm_SwThW2drjtyhekgNv4wxHIVuXOOTT-PNMsaqARgIUdsh6og1klYiuiy6XK4buE8uu8Zk5K0apFCPJBBBiQxL10Z7yTV1ON1gt0t1jTBXg-msOw_0lbco_5Cbp43yM4brql_DXWbA==)
24. [cosmic.nyc](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGTPwidhgXn9ezVlUN124Osodr4jFsyNDgqkU_ZcUN6_OJ_OoX8Y2YszHW2IV2IziAIQwfnnwwhS2UqrT8_QQ35IK76lCjRtRe-5nmGO87JH7z7GrNx60jDGtWeNS8IbxXQVGz0F-IFtp3TgnGkv06VnIw=)
25. [goodgoblin.ai](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHRKbzhQ4PLN5pveqDzLG1UEmOKzQktHD9Ks81FmNMtTexpM_aiQwSqLdro3kZygEJ6cpJsKdLQSrARMzcWyqdRl68h2JhmVOr6gS7wWmoHvcildBGt_ERnZH2vYqhCxbV7vw437-laRtXMICs8qT3J2cyRQ6v3)
26. [skillnation.in](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFfwpJU0az7k7o_YsddQ1cyiQxGSu7H0LDYdwcmXNdL6l3BmqZolPRAmnqcCvJBEo6RmgkweM6a7IYWN3JNlKlWFkyO5j2ef6d-8ZSl7F5-zfmPwvB0z1bKUp0K82zrc27sdX-9_DLbaIXIr1_a2GzBNriCKh1puqKstD4CzYZygiWqfBT0LANHSEfn)
27. [collegetransitions.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGmRb3YaJtZD2P3VtN-H-VKVdMiTBOV6yF18yWFV1_Qit8mUYbj0cmXjIN_jaiCEPggO-FyWdUHJZYWPNZZ8gHyheTbD44wjz61paUWvbERp2GIjQii8KI2apY-DaepJqIrjxBfvbzCNPuj03QHrCCbDMWXMLeQhbjKbrRU4Eq0JlSIAt9cArtXHa8mOxb-5cM4NS1LQMqXEG5kdfA1cWw=)
28. [research.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQECgBCyjFYtVlQGCSXOA4Int3vNON79obf_C57KFJ-ZTHTGbOB-8a5nKW8oln3aqvZpzWvBJ-SOgQadjdKbMdVMmk6eGoZWBV-rfGSsTqjqmQD8AgJtXbFbY3UVMH0YFDPl5R98YBagAEmlezEkFYWOcBZAf2T6X9jIAcmkH74yUZswPK2Pdjo=)
29. [bemoacademicconsulting.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFJsXQwJ5h1ab998mk6qF8fgoA9u8rbUv5ZOwh8UsJ4yQNqEyBIocZTtR_ciNf-DULz5qUgMGIedcN7awHWdr5_gSWgiiULxbs309qPoLlkZMJ33AX6wOBZjhIVKBejgCGiLjbvtsZBrFR-NP7xUdkvrsLf90DWC8PYYeipjOYv6wIhIEI=)
30. [cra.org](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEGaqr8CVfoqWSowRDELxZL0DSwNQs9QXNM15tOwNQ1rphXa3dCdP0n5333qwhbXJ70AJkk78qv-RzpPkoq8SQ7oTNFX6EdEUNAKn15NT2viQ9d0_RFhNfizWDBvAlTtf5TGg==)
31. [nsf.gov](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGs8ZSEV5ed_D83XSxjNesEjev7GzC34yKUeI87R9b-Em7qbXxa_ID987tQ41uib51Zq0wqdJz5MXJgRyNaireeef3_FKK8whbiFLFyvedM7lY0ezs6BIEymA==)
32. [medium.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGBWK6PM0Eg7n26KneF7S9IemMBiumSuDC_UMe22WNCd9mAkFeY4Pa9OWkLSYbUTw19VedMUv5Y2mYNutjIux3yXrODYwLSpXQNNHfs5QhcaO05IoMl90PA1qDkaGla0n4cbyL4QNrWtrMKd1_tvaxgxmERDzbkNdg261LnaQREPohu2DtQrOOJiRIxdg4hwfydQNoHq6Wj-Ttzx0iTcoA7_leVFPHB53OWsQcQxwS9O8_dp_OVpa0jwCwOrb3PrDfE)
33. [aipaygrad.es](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEwChOlLYFbQB_sgQiOc2x-RFCq90FbRarrcOQp430w53aCMNrlZEGlgx5NgDknN2IxBFK5obMUrxZF26VOxS-1ydfORdFcGZf_x5s=)
34. [reddit.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFymwQqAq_GDv8BlJG9FES9SwD8SU3-_9C-1HY9sbjXKDE1Fjj8K-3G_32GkHLBXuzN8j5TX3E-HdipUd8DNAn0ZZVO0OUCorCInZmLmtVzBiLYfT4FBrFts3kdQPwNbyD7c4FVaUG1cX_zJYmwoAoR5LN6cB375hNHgQa58sZbAKtAmB4ec3yN9F_x3NE5pVJNBWPIl4suYA9BQKVP5N_TEA==)
35. [cra.org](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHjDhubSaDWL_52SQvDGIzV2nd1x6sAaVihbXDfWVOKtRmV3E2G3VKPZiWXtv9tYMu6BZXjlRUjZIDioaCh8JPHQXfsdUeCUzhpR0pe07y_7bW23fmzTwBoYHDVmD5lEGH7KwVK7zwxEbHPxwNXjy6sPwQi_jayfSVCjJvgSsWEhDbNiA==)
36. [cra.org](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFC9imUidE-kweCy1soSwb1kJ19p6-nwpmu9MoylttcwUQFM3q_eo4AGNYV1UCotqNcI4UKd-v2rf-jr1lYPCMrOVEiAYv2vmjPBp9kdhhHw6kTp_nywrH3g4ISi2Us2my5lY-yHaBXyz95HzsCHEjJavNcwSzPm5J39RKdSA-Ii0oeqE2f55NsYAPyOQrsooHwQIO3gw==)
37. [cra.org](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG9BaGv8Sod3QheAXv1vZdd8bD5xNC0avkAOgQvXiLghtdPORSkDsNZSG3Zp3lEQKHCb3xdtUPql_TIk2GvuCJroLFjOEg2d4HcWGJgb0WeYnanj-6eWVzH7O7MZU1RMDHFqexxFuk7QD7uRkuwg97_0wz2ZD54VD1Wgl0v-WerF3j1cuiq6LJ9e2M80qnxfBAXPsry3rKiPbSXk2pRh1TIPXUS_O8=)
38. [studentclearinghouse.org](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHTjKuEqQA5s793yu2bommKMaW1HlNoUbUfxWGFHjiDop_OGs7AXB196N8WiWdSay6G3Yno7wnzDICkl9jBWWksWxWDklZ1YEys2JwC2bZt52t4Lc42SNpytCm90_HpmqX4qtUVLLfYjYLbOZ77KvU1L931baVke1kA7yUxB4PC3IBzxL9lNY79StgRJbZg7jzh)
39. [nscresearchcenter.org](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHt5BQGtmv0xWeieMr0dUjxw4siVMAino_xiEo3g_q-BM3L_SJFIUDQRZ5-rH8wAIIluq85Lky_-smhvhISKNaqeSG0mUoUfHMmCUtaczX7hFyouJBZTvv9PwaWuMj_bVLSvK45XA4HfH525cCc0NSWgQ==)
40. [hakia.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEAUDbmuBP_1KeYnkOyQeB1hYTnPc-Eicr6hg61W-VLkQ4Zovqqe4Pnxur6Yrr9PDzhJLENsmEmbDpywkN_9z0gY-3sXWqvLkdmys5-oiOsl52Vh0doZjiknXqoyEJevm9HxMUYq4kyFCJuLBcGeIow0UCL6rtt)
